what is High-frequency High-voltage Pulse DC Power Supply？
what is High-frequency High-voltage Pulse DC Power Supply？
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1. Overview: High-frequency High-voltage Pulse DC Power Supply Technology
Literally, the term "pulse" refers to the shock wave generated by a heartbeat. However, its definition extends far beyond this. In the scientific domain, a pulse is often described as a variation in a waveform, such as voltage (V) or current (A), resembling the oscillations seen in an electrocardiogram.
So, how should phenomena like power pulses or sound pulses be understood?
In simple terms, the concept of "pulse" has been broadened to encompass a wide range of applications. It can be defined as a process where a physical quantity undergoes rapid changes within a short time and then quickly returns to its initial state. For instance, in academic research, pulses are often represented as intermittent signals.
The Core Feature of Pulses: Intermittent Nature
The intermittent characteristic is the core feature of pulses, distinguishing them as a unique form of signal when compared to continuous signals. Continuous signals are present throughout the entire cycle, while pulse signals appear only during a portion of the cycle. In other words, pulse signals are inactive most of the time, resembling the rhythmic pattern of human heartbeats.
Pulse signals are also widely used in the digital domain. For instance, the signals we encounter in computers are a type of pulse signal, commonly referred to as digital signals. In a single cycle, a pulse signal might remain "active" for half the time or even longer.
Pulse Signals in Communication Technology
Pulse signals are critical for transmitting information in communication technology. In radio communication, pulse signals are employed as carriers, encoding information into their amplitude, frequency, or phase using modulation techniques. For example, Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) is a commonly used digital audio signal encoding technology, widely applied in telephone communication and audio recording.
Pulse Lasers in Optical Technology
Pulse lasers are central tools in research and application within the field of optics. By releasing high energy within a short period, pulse lasers achieve extremely high peak power, which makes them ideal for precision cutting, material processing, medical surgeries, and spectral analysis. For example, femtosecond laser pulses can focus immense energy within an ultra-short duration, making them extensively used in ophthalmic surgeries and micro-nano processing technologies.
Pulse signals are extensively applied in medical diagnostics and treatments. For instance, ultrasound imaging (ultrasound pulses) uses the reflection and propagation characteristics of sound pulses to generate two-dimensional or three-dimensional images of the human body. These images are essential for examining the health of organs or monitoring fetal development.
Additionally, pulsed electromagnetic therapy utilizes pulsed electromagnetic fields to stimulate human tissues, promoting cell repair and alleviating pain.
Pulse signals are frequently employed to trigger specific events or analyze system responses. One of the most notable applications is in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), where radio-frequency (RF) pulses excite hydrogen nuclei within the body. This interaction generates high-resolution images of tissues, making MRI a cornerstone technology in medical diagnostics and research.
In the engineering domain, pulse technology plays a pivotal role in material and structural testing. Pulses are used to evaluate the compressive strength of materials or identify hidden defects within structures. Techniques such as acoustic pulse-based non-destructive testing provide an efficient way to detect internal flaws without damaging the materials, ensuring both safety and reliability in industrial practices.
In the energy sector, pulse signals are used to control and optimize energy output.
Pulse power technology, which releases high-power energy over short periods, finds widespread applications in plasma generation, nuclear fusion research, and electromagnetic propulsion systems. In electricity supply, pulse regulation technology enhances the efficiency of electrical equipment and reduces energy loss.
In biology, pulse signals describe the transmission of electrical signals between neurons. Neural pulses, which are brief electrical signals, facilitate information exchange between the brain and the body, forming the foundation of all biological activities.
Additionally, in ecology, certain natural phenomena—such as periodic changes in animal populations or intermittent environmental events—are metaphorically referred to as "ecological pulses." These pulses represent short-lived yet significant dynamic changes within ecosystems.
What is High Voltage? What is High Frequency?
In the field of power electronics, "high voltage" and "high frequency" are two commonly encountered terms, representing higher levels of voltage and frequency, respectively. However, what exactly qualifies as "high voltage" and "high frequency"?
How high does the voltage need to be to be considered high voltage, and what frequency level qualifies as high frequency?
"High voltage" typically refers to electrical voltages exceeding a specific threshold. This threshold varies depending on the application context and industry standards, and there is no single, absolute value that universally defines high voltage.
• General Standard: In most cases, voltages above 1000V—whether DC or the peak value of AC—are classified as high voltage.
• Industry Standards: Definitions of high voltage can differ by industry. For example, in power systems, voltages above 35kV are often considered high voltage, while in electronic circuits, even voltages exceeding 100V may qualify as high voltage.
• Safety Standards: From a safety perspective, any voltage capable of causing harm to humans should be considered high voltage, requiring proper safety precautions.
In the field of power electronics, "high voltage" and "high frequency" are commonly used concepts, representing elevated levels of voltage and frequency.
Similar to high voltage, "high frequency" is a relative concept, and its definition depends on the specific application.
• General Standard: Frequencies above 10kHz in alternating current (AC) are typically classified as high frequency.
• Radio Frequency: In the field of radio communication, high frequency (HF) refers to the range between 3MHz and 30MHz.
• Modern Electronics: With the advancement of power electronics technology, switching power supplies in modern electronic devices now operate at frequencies reaching the MHz or even GHz range. These frequencies are considered high frequency as well.
Applications of High-frequency High-voltage Pulse DC Power Supply
As the name suggests, high-frequency high-voltage pulse DC power supply technology is the integration of three key technologies: high voltage, high frequency, and pulsed power. The output of this power supply consists of high-voltage, high-frequency pulse DC electricity.
This technology combines the characteristics of high-voltage power supplies and high-power systems, while also offering advantages like high efficiency and compact size. These features have led to significant breakthroughs and possibilities in numerous fields.
Traditional Applications of High-frequency High-voltage Pulse DC Power Supply
One of the most significant applications of high-frequency high-voltage pulse DC power is in the generation of plasma, which plays a key role in various industries. Here are some traditional application areas where this technology has made a substantial impact:
• Plasma Etching and Thin Film Deposition in Semiconductor Manufacturing: High-frequency high-voltage pulse power supplies are essential in the plasma etching process, which is used to carve precise patterns onto semiconductor materials, and in thin film deposition, where plasma is utilized to deposit thin, durable films onto surfaces.
• Surface Modification of Materials: Plasma treatment can enhance the hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of materials, making them more durable and suitable for harsh environments.
• Waste Gas Treatment: High-frequency high-voltage pulse power is used in waste gas treatment systems to remove pollutants, contributing to cleaner air and improved environmental standards.
Emerging Applications of High-frequency High-voltage Pulse DC Power Supply
Beyond its traditional applications, high-frequency high-voltage pulse DC power supply technology is making significant strides in various emerging sectors. Some of these innovative uses include:
• New Energy Vehicles: High-frequency high-voltage pulse DC power is revolutionizing electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, enabling rapid charging capabilities that reduce charging times and increase convenience for EV owners.
• Aerospace: In the aerospace industry, high-frequency high-voltage pulse power supplies are being utilized in spacecraft power systems to provide stable, reliable electricity, crucial for both crewed and uncrewed missions.
• Environmental Protection: The potential of high-frequency high-voltage pulse DC power extends into the environmental protection sector, with applications in wastewater treatment, waste gas purification, and solid waste management. Key applications include:
￮ Using high-voltage pulse electric fields for water disinfection, effectively eliminating bacteria and viruses to improve water quality.
￮ Employing high-voltage pulse discharge technology to remove pollutants from industrial waste gases, reducing emissions and improving air quality.
￮ Utilizing high-voltage pulses to accelerate the decomposition of solid waste, contributing to more efficient waste management and recycling processes.
Noah Plasma Technology's Application in Environmental Protection
Foshan Noah Electric Co., Ltd., founded in 2007 in Guangdong, China, is a leading manufacturer specializing in custom electrical equipment and power supply solutions. The company integrates research and development, manufacturing, sales, and services, and is renowned for its strong technical foundation, advanced production processes, and rich engineering experience. With stringent quality control and robust support services, Noah stands as a key player in the field of specialized electrical equipment and power supply technology.
As one of the pioneers in applying high-frequency high-voltage pulse DC power technology to the environmental protection sector, Noah has developed the innovative DRE Plasma Deodorization Device. This device offers an efficient, environmentally friendly solution for odor control in various waste management facilities, including garbage stations and sewage treatment plants.
The DRE Plasma Deodorization Device utilizes plasma technology to neutralize unpleasant odors and improve air quality, making it an essential tool in the waste gas treatment industry. This breakthrough application is becoming a key highlight in the environmental sector, particularly in waste gas purification and odor management, where traditional methods fall short.
Current Environmental Issues and the Role of High-frequency High-voltage Pulse DC Power in Waste Gas Treatment
Currently, environmental issues are becoming increasingly severe, with air pollution being a global focal point. High-frequency high-voltage pulse DC power technology, due to its high efficiency and environmentally friendly properties, shows great potential in the field of waste gas treatment, and is being hailed as the "new darling" of this field. The primary advantages lie in the following aspects:
1. Addressing the Pain Points of Waste Gas Treatment: Traditional waste gas treatment methods, such as adsorption, combustion, and catalytic oxidation, often suffer from low efficiency, high energy consumption, and the generation of secondary pollution.
In contrast, high-frequency high-voltage pulse DC power technology directly acts on the pollutant molecules in the waste gas, using high-energy particles to bombard and oxidize the pollutants, breaking them down into harmless substances.
This fundamentally solves the pollution issue, avoiding the "superficial treatment" problem inherent in traditional methods.
2. Core Technological Advantages: The plasma generated by the high-frequency high-voltage pulse electric field contains high-energy electrons, free radicals, and excited-state atoms and molecules, all of which are highly active particles. These particles possess strong oxidation-reduction abilities and act like "microscopic cleaners" that chemically interact with various pollutants in the waste gas and decompose them into harmless substances like carbon dioxide and water.
￮ High-energy Electrons: These electrons act like "miniature bullets," directly striking pollutant molecules to ionize, dissociate, and break chemical bonds, shattering the molecules into smaller fragments.
￮ Free Radicals: Free radicals (such as ·OH, ·O) are powerful oxidizing agents, like "strong oxidants," that can react with pollutants, breaking them down into smaller molecular compounds.
￮ Excited-state Atoms and Molecules: These atoms and molecules, being in high-energy states, are highly unstable and behave like "active molecules," easily reacting with pollutants to promote their degradation.
3. The Versatile Applications of High-frequency High-voltage Pulse DC Power Technology in Waste Gas Treatment：
High-frequency high-voltage pulse DC power technology acts as a "multi-functional solution" for tackling a broad spectrum of air pollutants. This versatile technology can effectively treat a wide variety of waste gas pollutants, including:
• Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): Commonly found in industrial waste gases from sectors like chemical manufacturing, spraying, and printing, pollutants such as benzene, toluene, and xylene are harmful to both human health and the environment. High-frequency high-voltage pulse power technology can efficiently break down these harmful compounds into safer substances.
• Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): Produced primarily through processes like coal and oil combustion, NOx is a key contributor to the formation of acid rain and photochemical smog, causing significant damage to the atmosphere and overall air quality.
• Sulfur Oxides (SOx): Like NOx, SOx is largely a byproduct of burning coal and oil. It plays a crucial role in the formation of acid rain and poses serious threats to ecosystems and human health.
• Odorous Gases: Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, commonly released from landfills and wastewater treatment plants, create unpleasant odors that disrupt the quality of life for local communities. High-frequency high-voltage pulse DC power technology provides an effective means for neutralizing these odors.
• Particulate Matter (PM): Industrial dust, vehicle exhaust, and other fine particles can enter the respiratory system, leading to a range of health issues. High-frequency pulse technology is effective in breaking down these particles and reducing their harmful impact on human health.
2. Dual Development Paths in Power Supply: High Voltage and High Frequency
DC power supplies are widely used in various fields, and high voltage high frequency DC power supplies have gained significant attention due to their advantages in specific applications. However, achieving high-voltage and high-frequency output is not an easy task, as it requires overcoming several technical challenges and barriers.
The design and manufacturing of high-voltage DC power supplies require meticulous processes and considerations. High voltage, like a "cornered beast," always tries to "escape." The following are some of the main technical challenges faced by high-voltage DC power supplies:
Insulation Challenges:
High-voltage systems demand thicker insulation materials and rigorous insulation design to prevent electrical leakage and breakdowns. Improper material selection and handling can lead to excessive leakage current, which becomes increasingly nonlinear and unstable with temperature fluctuations or over time. For instance, impurities in the packaging system, poor filler selection, or incomplete curing of materials can lead to these problems. Furthermore, high-voltage environments are more susceptible to moisture absorption, which causes ionic corrosion and the formation of conductive filaments, ultimately leading to insulation failure.
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI):
High-voltage circuits are prone to generating electromagnetic interference, which can disrupt the operation of nearby sensitive electronics. This is particularly critical in applications such as telecommunications and medical diagnostics, where the precision of other equipment is crucial.
Component Voltage Resistance:
High-voltage systems can cause components to overheat and fail prematurely. These issues accumulate over time, potentially causing system failure. Common failures include the breakdown of internal voltage regulators, high-voltage output coils, and high-frequency output capacitors.
Safety Concerns:
Operating at high voltage presents significant safety risks. It is essential to adhere to strict safety protocols: high-voltage areas must be properly enclosed, operators must avoid touching high-voltage sections while the system is running, and grounding must always be ensured and maintained.
Cost Challenges:
High-voltage power systems require expensive switching devices and transformers, and the cost increases as the voltage escalates. These factors contribute to the high overall cost of high-voltage power systems, making them less accessible for certain applications.
Technical Barriers in High Voltage DC Power Supply
In addition to the technical challenges, high-voltage DC power supplies also face several technical limitations:
• Abnormal DC Voltage Range: The abnormal DC voltage range is from 0V to 260V and from 400V upwards to 410V. Voltages 410V and above are not considered within the abnormal DC voltage range. If the test equipment cannot be set to the rated voltage of 380V during testing, the rated voltage can be adjusted to 350V or 300V.
• Voltage Tolerance: Commercial 12VDC devices typically have a voltage tolerance of ±3% of the rated voltage. For example, the output voltage range for linear power supplies may be 17V-12V (40% higher and 0% lower than 12V), while the output voltage range for switch-mode power supplies can be 12.4V-11.6V (3% higher or lower than 12V).
• Safety Voltage Limitations: The maximum output voltage of power supplies is often limited by safety standards, such as Safety Extra-Low Voltage (SELV). SELV is defined as a safety voltage level with a maximum of 60VDC, meaning the maximum output voltage of the power supply is typically 54VDC, providing a safety margin below the SELV limit for overvoltage protection circuits.
• Voltage Distortion Limitations: According to the IEEE 519-2022 standard, voltage distortion limits vary by voltage level, as shown in the following table:
When a DC power supply is required to meet both high voltage and high-frequency output, the technical challenges become even more severe. In addition to the challenges posed by high voltage and high frequency separately, the following factors must also be considered:
• Insulation and Cooling: High voltage and high-frequency operation demands higher performance from insulation materials and cooling systems. Insulation materials must have both high dielectric strength and high thermal resistance to prevent breakdown or overheating in high voltage, high-frequency environments.
• Component Selection: Components must be chosen that can withstand the stresses of high voltage and high frequency, such as high-voltage, low-loss switching devices and high-frequency transformers. These components need to have low parasitic parameters and support high-frequency operation to meet the requirements of high voltage and high frequency work.
• System Stability: High voltage and high-frequency operation can easily cause system oscillations and instability. Therefore, careful circuit design and parameter adjustments are essential. For instance, carefully selecting control loop parameters and implementing measures to suppress parasitic oscillations are critical for maintaining system stability.
• Components, Circuit Architecture, and Reliability Testing: The design of high-voltage high-frequency DC power supplies must consider component selection, circuit architecture design, and reliability testing. It’s essential to select appropriate components like switches, transformers, and capacitors, and to design efficient circuit topologies to ensure the stability and reliability of the power supply.
Innovative Solutions for Overcoming High-voltage High-frequency DC Power Supply Challenges
In addressing the technical challenges of high-voltage high-frequency DC power supplies, engineers and researchers have developed a variety of advanced solutions, including:
1. Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Processes
The use of high-performance insulation materials such as ceramics and polymers significantly improves the voltage resistance and reliability of the power supply. Additionally, vacuum potting technology is employed to enhance encapsulation, reducing leakage currents and improving insulation performance, ensuring the power supply can withstand harsh operational conditions.
2. Advanced Topologies
The implementation of resonant converters and soft-switching technologies can drastically reduce switching losses and enhance overall efficiency. Resonant converters use the properties of resonant circuits to minimize voltage and current stresses during switching, while soft-switching ensures that components switch at zero voltage or current, minimizing power loss.
3. Digital Control Technology
Digital control technology allows for precise voltage and current regulation, improving both the stability and dynamic response of the system. It also supports the integration of advanced control algorithms, including adaptive and predictive control, which further enhance the system's performance.
4. Optimized Circuit Design and Layout
By refining circuit design and PCB layout, the system's electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is improved, reducing electromagnetic interference (EMI). This can be achieved by isolating noise-sensitive components or incorporating decoupling capacitors in the main power circuit.
5. Efficient Thermal Management
Effective thermal management solutions, such as heat sinks, air cooling, and liquid cooling, help maintain optimal temperature levels, improving the reliability of the power supply under high-frequency, high-voltage conditions.
6. Protection and Reliability Devices
Devices such as surge suppressors, voltage regulators, UPS, and power regulators are essential in protecting the power supply from overvoltage, overcurrent, and other abnormal conditions, thereby improving its overall stability and reliability.
7. Voltage Source Converters (VSC) and Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC)
The use of VSC and MMC technologies revolutionizes high-voltage DC transmission, providing more flexible and efficient power conversion. These technologies enhance system scalability and reliability, allowing for more complex and extensive high-voltage DC networks.
8. Hybrid Systems and Energy Storage Solutions
Hybrid high-voltage DC systems that combine traditional and renewable energy sources are being developed to enhance grid stability. Integrating energy storage solutions with high-voltage DC systems can smooth out the intermittency of renewable energy, ensuring a steady power supply.
9. Wide Bandgap Devices
Silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) devices outperform traditional silicon components, allowing for higher-frequency operation and reducing system size while improving power efficiency.
10. Preventive Measures
To prevent power supply failure, engineers implement various preventive measures, including checking voltage regulation, ripple, and noise specifications, as well as testing protection features such as OVP, OCP, and OTP. Additionally, selecting high-quality components and relying on independent reviews and testing are essential for ensuring system reliability.
3. Innovation in Practice: Noah Plasma Technology
Amid Growing Environmental Challenges, Innovative Waste Gas Solutions Emerge: Waste gas treatment has become a critical global concern in the face of escalating environmental challenges. Traditional methods struggle with issues like inefficiency, high energy consumption, and secondary pollution, which highlight the need for innovative solutions. Foshan Noya Electric Co., Ltd., a seasoned manufacturer specializing in power and power supply equipment, has leveraged its extensive expertise in high-frequency, high-voltage pulse DC power supplies to introduce the NOYA DRE Plasma Deodorization Technology. This groundbreaking innovation promises to revolutionize the waste gas treatment industry, offering a much-needed breakthrough for cleaner, more efficient solutions.
High-Frequency High-Voltage Pulse DC Power Supply: The Heart of Plasma Technology
To grasp the true essence and innovative potential of NOYA DRE Plasma Deodorization Technology, it's crucial to first understand its core engine—the high-frequency, high-voltage pulse DC power supply. This technology is not just any power supply; it’s a sophisticated fusion of pulse, high voltage, and high frequency—three pillars that form the foundation of cutting-edge electrical power solutions. It is the cornerstone of NOYA’s technological strength. With the groundwork laid in the previous section, let's take a deeper dive into this groundbreaking technology and explore how it powers the future of waste gas treatment.
NOYA DRE Plasma Deodorization Technology: The New Favorite in Environmental Protection
The NOYA DRE plasma deodorization technology applies the powerful energy of high-frequency, high-voltage pulse DC power supplies to waste gas treatment, particularly for odor control in places like garbage stations and sewage treatment plants. This technology demonstrates advantages that traditional methods cannot match.
(1) Tackling Odors at the Source, Delivering Efficient Deodorization:
Unlike conventional methods that only mask the issue, NOYA DRE Plasma Deodorization Technology goes straight to the root of the problem—odor molecules. By utilizing a high-frequency, high-voltage pulse electric field inside the DRE deodorization chamber, the technology ionizes the air into plasma, rich in high-energy electrons, free radicals, and excited atoms. These "microscopic cleanup agents," functioning like "miniature bullets," "powerful oxidants," and "active molecules," swiftly engage with odor molecules, breaking them down into harmless substances such as carbon dioxide and water, providing efficient and complete deodorization.
（2）Cutting-Edge Technology with Exceptional Performance:
The NOYA DRE Plasma Deodorization Power Supply features an 80kHz DC pulse square wave output, offering superior instantaneous voltage and current compared to typical superimposed or composite pulse power supplies. It also boasts an incredibly steep rise edge (from 0V to peak voltage in just 372ns, a leader in China). This high-performance design enables a higher plasma energy density, resulting in more effective degradation. With an average power output of 12kW (for 20,000 airflow) and a peak power of 320kW, NOYA’s Pulse Synchronization Technology allows for multi-machine parallel configurations, scaling the power up to over 500kW to meet diverse application needs.
(3) Versatile, Adaptable for Various Applications:
NOYA DRE Plasma Deodorization Technology is versatile and capable of handling a wide range of pollutants, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), odorous gases, and particulate matter (PM). It finds applications across industries like chemicals, coatings, printing, waste management, and wastewater treatment.
(4) Energy-efficient, Eco-friendly, and Reliable:
Designed to be energy-efficient, NOYA DRE Plasma Deodorization Technology consumes only 12kW for 10,000 airflow, with no need for consumables and no secondary pollution. Its modular design ensures flexibility, adapting to various airflow needs, while built-in safety features such as arc extinguishing, overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, and overtemperature protection guarantee reliable, hassle-free operation.
NOYA: Innovation at the Core, Driving Green Development
As a leader in the application of high-frequency, high-voltage pulse DC power supply technology, NOYA Electric has made significant strides with its DRE Plasma Deodorization Technology, successfully implementing it in a variety of high-impact projects. These include odor control at the Songgang Garbage Station, Leqing Sewage Pump Station, Chengdu Jinjiang District Garbage Transport Center, and Chongqing Sewage Treatment Plant, all of which have demonstrated outstanding results. Moreover, the technology has proven its excellence in challenging projects such as deodorizing tetrahydrofuran wastewater, removing white smoke and dust at the Guangzhou Libai Detergent Factory, and tackling smoke removal at the BYD Battery Factory in Huizhou, further solidifying NOYA's reputation as a pioneer in environmentally sustainable solutions.
NOYA DRE Plasma Deodorization Technology has earned the prestigious 2021 China Ecological Environmental Protection Ministry’s Recommended Advanced Demonstration Technology award, underscoring its industry-leading status. Beyond this accolade, the technology is backed by a robust portfolio of intellectual property, including 5 invention patents, over 30 utility model patents, and more than 10 software copyrights. This impressive array of patents and software rights highlights NOYA's exceptional capabilities in independent research and development, reinforcing its position at the forefront of sustainable environmental solutions.
